Backend: Message and Conversation models, Socket.io server with JWT auth, room management, event handlers (message, typing, read, presence), REST API for history and chat list, offline email notifications. Frontend: ChatPage, ChatList, ChatWindow, MessageBubble, MessageInput, TypingIndicator, Socket.io client, infinite scroll, auto-scroll, browser push. Security: JWT auth, CORS, authorization checks, input validation, rate limiting.
Backend: models/Message.js, models/Conversation.js, routes/chat.js (REST), config/socketEvents.js (Socket.io handlers), config/socket.js (server init). Frontend: components/Chat/ (ChatPage, ChatList, ChatWindow, MessageBubble, MessageInput, TypingIndicator), utils/socket.js (client connection).
Deterministic room IDs ([userId1, userId2].sort().join('_')), acknowledgment callbacks for confirmed delivery, typing indicators with 3-second timeout, online users Map for presence, message persistence before broadcast, cleanup of Socket.io listeners in React useEffect, and offline email notifications with rate limiting.
Use the Socket.io Redis adapter for cross-instance broadcasting, PM2 cluster mode, Nginx with ip_hash for sticky WebSocket sessions, MongoDB compound indexes for efficient message queries, Redis for caching online status, and rate limiting to prevent abuse.
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