The answer
It tells the browser how long a resource can be cached and whether it must be revalidated before reuse.
Browser Cache and Web Performance Basics
What does Cache-Control do?
More FAQs in Browser Cache and Web Performance Basics
Browser caching is when the browser stores a resource locally so it can reuse it on later requests instead of downloading it again.
Static assets like CSS, JavaScript, images, fonts, and sometimes API responses or HTML depending on cache headers.
So updates produce new filenames and the browser fetches the new version instead of using an old cached file.
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