The answer
Use populate on the find query, not per item in a loop. Post.find().populate('author') fetches all authors in one query. Mongoose batches populate efficiently on the query, avoiding the N+1 problem.
MongoDB Interview Questions for Node.js Developers
How do you avoid the N+1 query problem in MongoDB?
More FAQs in MongoDB Interview Questions for Node.js Developers
SQL is relational with tables, fixed schema, ACID transactions, and complex joins. NoSQL is non-relational with flexible schemas, designed for horizontal scaling and document-like data like JSON documents.
Mongoose is an ODM (Object Data Modeling) library for MongoDB that provides schemas, validation, middleware, and population. It prevents bugs by enforcing structure in a flexible database and makes the data model clear.
Reference large or shared data (use ref and populate to fetch), embed small always-read-together data. Reference for users and posts; embed for addresses. Use populate to join referenced data in one query.
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