The answer
Test all three states. Mock a pending promise to test loading, a rejected promise to test error handling, and a resolved promise to test success. Mocking a rejected promise confirms your error handling works before users hit it.
Loading and Error States in React: Best Practices for API Calls
How do I test loading and error states in React?
More FAQs in Loading and Error States in React: Best Practices for API Calls
Because every fetch can take time or fail, and a blank screen makes the app feel broken. Track three states, loading, error, and success, and show a meaningful UI for each so the user always knows what is happening.
A spinner, a skeleton that matches the final layout, or a placeholder. The user should know something is happening, not stare at a blank screen. A skeleton that matches the layout gives the best experience.
Because users can recover from transient failures like a dropped network. A clear error message and a retry option turn a failure into a recoverable experience, instead of leaving the user stuck with no path forward.
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