The answer
Set worker_processes auto (one per CPU core) and worker_connections 2048 in nginx.conf. Total max clients = worker_processes × worker_connections. On a t2.micro with 1 vCPU, you get 1 worker × 2048 = 2048 concurrent connections.
Nginx Performance Tuning for Node.js Worker Processes, Caching, and Compression
How do I configure Nginx worker processes and connections?
More FAQs in Nginx Performance Tuning for Node.js Worker Processes, Caching, and Compression
Set gzip on, gzip_comp_level 6, gzip_min_length 1000, gzip_types for text-based MIME types (text/plain, text/css, application/json, application/javascript). Add gzip_vary on for the Vary header. This reduces bandwidth by 60-80%.
Add a location block matching static file extensions (js, css, png, jpg, etc.) with expires 1y, add_header Cache-Control 'public, immutable', and access_log off. Hashed file names from build tools ensure new versions get new URLs.
Define limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=req_limit:10m rate=10r/s in the http block. Then add limit_req zone=req_limit burst=20 nodelay in the location block. This allows 10 requests per second per IP with a burst of 20.
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